A month into the Estates-General, the king lost his eldest son to tuberculosis. In April 1792, the French newly elected Legislative Assembly declared a pre-emptive war against Austria (which was suspected of forming anti-revolutionary alliances with French expatriates). Louis XVI was the king of France from May 1774 until his execution in January 1793. Louis XVI is generally portrayed as the fat, slow, silent monarch who oversaw the collapse of absolute monarchy.
He turned his natural reserve and tendency to be silent into an act of state, simply refusing to reply to people with whom he disagreed. Louis’ safety came further under threat when secret papers were discovered hidden in the Tuileries palace where Louis had been staying. Louis-Auguste was a keen student of language and history. For more information on usage, please refer to our Terms of Use. Instead, Louis found himself in a situation beyond his control and perhaps beyond his understanding.
Louis was a strong student nevertheless, excelling in history and languages. He was the last king to live at the Palace of Versailles, and the revolutionaries duly gave him the nickname “Louis the Last”. But the royal entourage was not as numerous or as brilliant as it had been in Louis XIV’s days, and Paris overtook Versailles as the centre of cultural life. Louis XIV, the Palace of Versailles, absolute monarchy… Why don’t we take a closer look at the emergence of the nation state in early modern France? The king initiated the Estates-General in May 1789, hoping to push through some fiscal reforms – but the delegates representing the Third Estate had other plans, invoking a confrontation over voting rights, representation and national power.
Historian Hilaire Belloc on Louis XVI’s character and personality (1911). An avid hunter like his grandfather Louis XV, the prince also studied locksmithing as a useful hobby. The King was transferred to the Tuileries Palace, before attempting to flee in June 1791.
The reality of his reign is generally lost to public memory, including the fact that he tried to reform France to a degree few would ever have imagined before the Estates-General was called. It contains 231,430 words in 354 pages and was updated on September 8th 2020.
He excelled at technical subjects and was deeply interested in geography, but historians are unsure about his level of intelligence. The result was a regime riven by factions and lacking a clear direction. 2. But he was horrified by the Civil Constitution of the Clergy, which offended his religious beliefs. This declaration is often understood as damaging him; in fact, it gave constructive criticism on aspects of the revolutionary government that deputies tried to work into the new constitution before being blocked.
Upon taking the throne Louis XVI decided to dispense with the political team assembled by his grandfather, Louis XV, and replaced them with ministers such as Turgot, Necker and Calonne.
This extraordinary assembly brought together 1200 representatives of the three “orders” which made up the nation: the clergy, the nobility and the third estate. At first, there was little desire to abolish the monarchy.
The historian John Hardman has argued that the rejection of Calonne’s reforms, which Louis had given personal backing, led to the king's nervous breakdown, from which he never had time to recover.
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