dark photon decay

Krasznahorkay et al. U, the light dark higgs signa-ture is a peaking missing mass associated with a peaking inarianvt mass in the light dark photon decay channel, U !l+l . The proton decay hypothesis was first formulated by Andrei Sakharov in 1967. If it does decay via a positron, the proton's half-life is constrained to be at least 1.67×10 years. In a minimal scenario, this new force can be introduced by extending the gauge group of the Standard Model of Particle Physics with a new abelian U(1) gauge symmetry. Other experiments study processes that are rare or forbidden in the standard model, seeking to reveal small deviations from expectations that would indirectly indicate the existence of new physics effects. The A production and the subsequent decay can be obtained from the following decay chain: K±→π±π0,π0 →γA,A →e+e− with three charged particles and a photon in the final state. They have also shown that some of the possible decay routes generate clear experimental signatures. For its part, the BaBar collaboration has looked for interactions of hypothetical dark photons with ordinary matter using electron-positron collision data [3]. The dark photon search is but one of many approaches for trying to detect dark matter. No signal is observed, and an exclusion region in the plane of the dark photon mass mA' and mixing parameter ε 2 is established. However, no positive results have been achieved so far along this direction. He is a Fellow of the APS and in 2012 he was recognized as an APS Outstanding Referee. The initial decay process produces the red shift with a quantum decay to dark. The elusive subatomic particle — a heavier, dark twin of an ordinary particle of light — could help explain how dark matter, the shadowy hidden mass in the universe that holds galaxies together, interacts with regular matter.. This new hidden symmetry would be mediated by a massive gauge boson, the dark photon, which is expected to couple to the Standard Model via a kinetic mixing. Read More », Measurements of the muon magnetic moment strengthen a previously reported tension with theoretical predictions, ushering in a new era of precision tests of the standard model. Published by Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.revip.2020.100042. A cute way to look at this is to assume that at low energies, the relevant particles running in the loop aren’t quarks, but … This research is published in Physical Review Letters. Assuming Dark photons may be expected to decay in these ways if there are no lighter dark matter particles, but the researchers discovered no evidence for peaks in the energy range studied. The new result doesn't rule out the existence of the dark photon. Recently studies of the decay rates of Beryllium-8 have led researchers to propose a new variation of the dark-matter force. So far, these experiments have allowed physicists to place limits on various hypotheses involving the masses and interaction strengths of dark matter particles. Particle physics is in a very interesting phase where major discoveries are hotly anticipated. Perhaps our universe is many times older than 13.7 billion years and the decay from the past light is the dark matter we seek, and our universe is not expanding, and we do not need to find dark energy to explain expansion. Beyond its gravitational interactions, very little is known about dark matter except that it appears to be slow moving (or “cold”). Douglas Bryman holds the J. Here we explore the decay into a dark Dirac fermion and a dark photon, which can be consistent with all constraints if is a subdominant component of the dark matter. Another exciting possibility is that the highly sensitive experiments searching for dark photons could discover some new phenomenon (unrelated to current speculations about dark matter particles) that lead the field in entirely new directions. A massless dark photon does not interact at tree level with observable fields, and the f →f ' γ ̄ decay presents a characteristic signature where the final fermion f ' is balanced by a massless invisible system. 8. We propose to search the monophoton events at the BESIII detector and future Super Tau Charm Factory to probe the sub-GeV dark photon decay into lighter dark matter. Dark Photon decay modes and branching fractions According to the relative values of the masses of the hidden gauge mediator and of the particles belonging to the hidden sectors, the dark photon can undergo visible or invisible decays. However, our knowledge of the Dark Matter features is still rather scarce. Even if the dark photon decay products are other dark sector particles, these could emerge from the dumps and have observable interactions in detectors [6]. A photon with nonzero mass is not ruled out by theory, but experiments with electric and magnetic fields constrain the mass to less than 10 - 54 kilograms. A case in point is the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. (1), as the main production mechanism. The corresponding new spin-1 gauge boson(i.e., the dark photon) can then couple very weakly to electrically charged particles through … In this work, we revisit this idea and consider a model where A′ couples inelastically to dark matter and an excited dark sector state, leading to a more exotic decay topology we refer to as a semi-visible decay. Dark photons could also be produced in meson decays (e.g., π0→γA′ and φ→ηA′), in fixed-target scattering reactions ( e-+Nucleus→A′+… ) or in electron-positron colliding beam experiments (e.g., e+e-→γA′) [1]. From this nondetection, they set new upper limits on the strength of the mixing of dark photons with standard model particles, representing improvements by about an order of magnitude over previous studies that … It is speculated that within dark matter there might be a family of particles and forces—a so-called “dark sector”—that has thus far escaped detection. The standard model only covers the remaining 5% that consists of ordinary matter. 0. Use of the American Physical Society websites and journals implies that the user has read and agrees to our Terms and Conditions and any applicable Subscription Agreement. A giant atom smasher has found no trace of a mysterious particle called the dark photon. Measuring the temperatures of massive exoplanets could reveal the effect of dark matter, potentially allowing researchers to confirm the galactic distribution of this mysterious substance. The existence of Dark Matter (DM) is a well established fact since many decades, thanks to the observation of the effects of its gravitational interaction with the ordinary matter in the Universe. the dark photon, Eq. BABAR already searched for dark photons in different visible final states [6]. The cross-section depends on D 2, where D is the coupling constant in the dark sector. In [14], it is suggested that if a photon signal re-ally comes from a dark photon decay, one can distinguish Huge and ambitious efforts have been spent in the last years into its identification, concentrating especially on the search of viable Weakly Interacting Massive Particle candidates. The dark photon can decay back into charged SM particles, after flying some distance due to the small coupling and hence small decay width, which is the model of many fixed-target experiments (see and references therein). For a photon to decay, it must have a mass—otherwise there’d be nothing lighter for it to decay into. Several attempts have been made to extend the standard model, particularly into the realm of dark matter [1]. Future experiments covering a wide scope of possibilities, such as fixed target experiments planned at Jefferson Laboratory in Virginia, will extend the sensitivity and mass range of the search for dark photons [1] or possibly find evidence for them if they actually exist. The results of a search for π. However, it is also clear that particle physics is playing the game with much less than a full deck of “cards” because of the apparent existence of dark matter and dark energy, which, respectively, constitute 25% and 70% of the Universe’s energy budget, based on information from astrophysical and cosmological observations. At the Large Hadron Collider, high-energy reactions are being probed for signs of new massive particles and interactions. This model would explain the coherence of bio-photon emission in macroscopic and macro-temporal scales. A dark photon in the interesting mass range can decay into an e+e− pair. Dark photons may be expected to decay in these ways if there are no lighter dark matter particles, but the researchers discovered no evidence for peaks in the energy range studied. The dark photon (also hidden, heavy, para-, or secluded photon) is a hypothetical hidden sector particle, proposed as a force carrier similar to the photon of electromagnetism but potentially connected to dark matter. From a total of 4.12 × 10. SM photon with mixing strength • The dark photon (A’) could: • Decay to SM fermions if other DM states are inaccessible. Read More », Analyzing gamma-ray sources leads to an upper limit on how many antimatter stars could exist in the Milky Way. 1). This report reviews the present status and progress of the experimental searches in this field. One method involves sending a high-intensity beam of electrons or protons into a massive beam dump from which only weakly interacting particles created in the collisions are able to escape. By shaping the phase of a light beam, researchers demonstrate that they can guide its path through an otherwise light-impenetrable material. The goal is then to make sure that these diagrams cancel. Abstract. Rise of the dark photon. Some preliminary ideas about the photon faking from the dark photon de-cay is discussed in [13, 14], which focused on the possibil-ity that the decay of dark photon only fakes a converted photon. Several experiments such as APEX [2], A1 [11], and NA48 [12] used this final state. A sample of 1.69 × 10 7 fully reconstructed π 0 → γe + e – decay candidates collected by the NA48/2 experiment at CERN in 2003–2004 is analyzed to search for the dark photon (A') production in the π0→γA' decay followed by the prompt A' → e + e – decay. However, the collaboration placed upper bounds on the likelihood that a signal would have been seen. A new “lensing” technique counters the spreading of an ultracold cloud of atoms inside a tiny waveguide. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. ScienceDirect ® is a registered trademark of Elsevier B.V. Searching in the dark: the hunt for the dark photon, Experimental techniques for Dark Matter detection. From the experimental point of view, the dark photon is characterized by two a priori unknown parameters, the mixing parameter and the mass m A. The decay into photon–dark-photon pairs proceed through similar diagrams. ^ {0} 0 decays to a photon and an invisible massive dark photon at the NA62 experiment at the CERN SPS are reported. Analysis for Invisible Dark Photons We have searched for dark photons in the initial-state radiation process e+e !gA0with decay to invisible neutral particles c, A0!cc [7]. BaBar extended its previous studies [7] to higher sensitivity and a wider range of masses by using a larger set of data taken at the asymmetric e+e- collider center-of-mass energy corresponding to the Υ(4S) resonance (approximately 10.6GeV) and other energies. B. Warren Chair and is a Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of British Columbia. In particular, the researchers searched for events where an electron-positron collision produced a dark photon and a normal photon, followed by the dark photon decaying into either an electron-positron pair or a muon-antimuon pair (see Fig. The search strategy then depends on the dark photon decay pattern. By continuing you agree to the use of cookies. 1.1 Searches at BABAR A dark photon can be readily produced in the reaction e+e− → γA′,anddecaysub-sequently into SM leptons via kinetic mixing. One proposed solution is the existence of the dark photon, which could interact via a dark force. We have the extremely successful standard model as the guiding theoretical description of fundamental particle physics, which encompasses the known basic constituents of matter and their interactions (except gravity). One proposed communication portal between the light and dark realms is something called a dark photon, analogous to the familiar (light) photon of … Despite significant experimental effort, proton decay has never been observed. Probing invisible decay of dark photon at BESIII and future STCF via monophoton searches. In analogy with electromagnetism, for which the massless photon is the force carrier between charged particles, there could be a dark electromagnetism with a possibly massive dark photon that transmits the forces between dark particles [2]. 2. A search for a photonlike particle that could be related to dark matter has come up empty, putting new constraints on models that imagine a dark form of electromagnetism. Dark photon searches with KLOE The KLOE experiment, at the rascatiF ˚ … We use cookies to help provide and enhance our service and tailor content and ads. EA’ = Ebeam) •small angle emission dominates assumes Aʹ can’t decay to hidden sector particles Aʹ decays back to charged SM fermions Read More ». 2. If the missing transverse momentum is carried by a dark photon produced in the decay of the Higgs boson, that mass should correspond to the Higgs-boson mass. From this nondetection, they set new upper limits on the strength of the mixing of dark photons with standard model particles, representing improvements by about an order of magnitude over previous studies that also looked for dark photon decays into electrons/muons. According to theory, the dark photon is very similar to the light photon, except that it has mass and interacts with dark matter. But predicting where or when breakthroughs will occur is highly speculative. The presence of the dark photon would be indicated by the appearance of an unexpected peak in the total mass of its decay products above smooth backgrounds. The CMS collaboration followed this approach but found no signal of dark photons. the dark photon cyclotron spectrum does not depend on the mass of the charged par-ticle and is therefore universal: gravitational Compton and de Broglie wavelengths are universal for the same reason. Many such scenarios are already ruled out by their effects on neutron stars, and the decay into dark matter plus photon has been experimentally excluded. Searches for narrow dimuon and ditau resonances in Υ(3S)andΥ(2S) decays [9] have been reinterpreted as constraints on the coupling α′ = αϵ2 between … Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. or its licensors or contributors. If a photon did have a non-zero rest mass, that means that it can decay into lighter elements, so the photon would breakdown into either some known elementary particles that … Recently, experimental results have excluded this possibility for a dark photon exhibiting exclusively visible or invisible decays. New Perspectives in Dark Matter Mathew Graham, SLAC Heavy photon production & decays in a electron fixed target experiment 8 electron beam-fixed target is analogous to bremsstrahlung: •prefers x~1 (i.e. In 2011, Bryman was co-recipient of the W. K. H. Panofsky Prize in Experimental Particle Physics from the American Physical Society. The search for such a massive mediator has been pursued with large enthusiasm and dedication in the latest years, as its observation could be within the reach of many already existing experimental facilities, both based on accelerators or in smaller scale setups. photon mass. Theorists have proposed that a dark photon contribution could explain a possible (but not yet confirmed) discrepancy reported between the expected and measured values for the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon [8–10]. And these dark photons kind of straightforwardly could do that,” he explains. Standard model predictions for the muon moment include corrections due to electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions. However, the BaBar result nearly rules out the remaining parameter space for the simplest dark sector explanation. Smaller dedicated efforts, such as the SuperCDMS [4] and LUX [5] experiments, are also seeking direct evidence for the presence of dark matter through its possible interactions with ordinary matter. This would produce visible decays • Decay to a lighter dark matter state . Null results like these, while not ruling out the existence of dark photons, serve as important constraints on the development of novel theories, which might extend the standard model. A dark photon could be one of these emerging survivors, and it might identify itself through subsequent decay into standard model particles such as an electron and a positron ( A′→e+e- ). dark photon decays as 0!e+e . The dark photon is sometimes referred to as a heavy photon or as … Credit: A.J. This signature is similar to that of light CP-odd Higgs (A0) production in e+e− → γA0,A0 → ℓ+ℓ−. In this type of decay, after its uber-short life, the Higgs boson quickly turns into one photon and what scientists call a "virtual photon." The dark photon (which, appropriately for such a mysterious entity, has many aliases like hidden photon, heavy photon, and A′) may couple to standard model particles, such as quarks and charged leptons. Sakharov Prize winner decries the pervasive suspicion faced by Chinese-American scientists. We calculate the exact width for a dark photon decaying to three photons at one-loop order for dark photon masses m ' below the e + e-production threshold of 2 m e. We find substantial deviations from previous results derived from the lowest order Euler-Heisenberg effective Lagrangian in the range m e ≲m ' ≤2 m e , where higher order terms in the derivative expansion are non-negligible. These include the neutron decaying into a dark particle, plus either an electron–positron pair or a photon, with the energy available for these accompanying particles limited by the narrow range of allowed masses for the dark particle. Sign up to receive weekly email alerts from Physics. The data analysis covered the A′ mass range between 0.2 and 10.2GeV/c2. Indeed, one of the biggest quests in fundamental science today is the investigation of Dark Matter nature, from its origin to its composition, and the way its constituents interact with the ordinary matter, apart from gravity. If a dark photon existed, and its mass and mixing strength were within a certain range of values, then it could contribute additional corrections. His research focuses on the study of rare particle decays, and he has also been involved in detector instrumentation development for high-energy physics and applied physics, for which he has received several patents. In addition, it may be as light as several MeV/c2, so there could be numerous possible ways to produce and observe it—assuming it doesn’t decay principally into other invisible lighter dark particles [1]. Researchers have studied electron-positron (, N. Arkani-Hamed, D. P. Finkbeiner, T. R. Slatyer, and N. Weiner, “A Theory of Dark Matter,”, M. Pospelov and A. Ritz, “Astrophysical Signatures of Secluded Dark Matter,”, A. J. Anderson (SuperCDMS Collaboration), “, See, for example, B. Batell, R. Essig, and Z. Surujon, “Strong Constraints on Sub-GeV Dark Sectors from SLAC Beam Dump E137,”, J. D. Bjorken, R. Essig, P. Schuster, and N. Toro, “New Fixed-Target Experiments to Search for Dark Gauge Forces,”, M. Pospelov, “Secluded U(1) below the Weak Scale,”, H. Davoudias, H.-S. Lee, and W. J. Marciano, “Dark Side of Higgs Diphoton Decays and Muon, M. Endo, K. Hamaguchi, and G. Mishima, “Constraints on Hidden Photon Models from Electron, Physical Review Physics Education Research, Muon’s Escalating Challenge to the Standard Model, How to Focus a Bose-Einstein Condensate in a Waveguide, Crackdown on Spying Damages US Science, Says Chinese-Born Physicist, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T2A3, Canada. © 2020 The Authors. In particle physics, proton decay is a hypothetical form of particle decay in which the proton decays into lighter subatomic particles, such as a neutral pion and a positron. The BaBar collaboration at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory in California are now reporting on their search for evidence of this dark photon [3]. If , then the dominant decay mode of the would then be invisible: The dark photons could be detected via their decay products, or—in certain cases—their presence could be inferred from events with missing mass. The researchers did not detect a dark photon signature in their electron-positron collision data, allowing them to place new stricter limits on dark sector models, including ones trying to explain a possible discrepancy between the measured and predicted value of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon. Beryllium-8 … On the other hand, many fascinating new ideas and models for its interpretation have been blooming: among them, an intriguing hypothesis is that the Dark Matter constituents could be neutral under Standard Model interactions, but they could interact through a new, still unknown, force under a “hidden” charge. 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